Do You Know Why You Have a Middle Name?
I never really thought about middle names until I recently learned that having a middle name dates back to ancient Rome. Many Romans had three names: A praenomen was a personal name, or what we call first names today; a nomen, which was a family name, and lives where middle names currently sit; and the cognomen, which identified what branch of family you were from. Women had only two names while slaves had one. At some point, this custom died out, lasting centuries. I wanted to know more and discovered that having middle names as we know them today started in Italy just as it was entering the Renaissance. The practice first became common among the elites—among whom it was common by the late 1400s—and then spread to other social classes. The following century it spread to the countryside. The majority of these early middle names in Italy were those of saints, with the idea what that those saints would protect the children who bore their names. It was exceedingly rare to have middle names in Great Britain and the United States before 1800, and after this time it was done to honor a second relative or a matriarchal lineage. John Quincy Adams was the first American President to have a middle name. But why did middle names become popular? One thought is that middle names allow people to shift their identities. Pablo Picasso, for example, was baptized with a string of more than a dozen names and although he wasn’t known by all of them, he did test out different combinations: initially signing paintings as P. Ruiz, then trying P. Ruiz Picasso before sticking with Picasso. However, I think it’s more likely that middle names serve much the same purposes they always have: they’re a way to keep family names going and thus preserve relationships. The family is the most important thing that gets referenced in middle names, and it makes sense for it to be about lineage and inheritance.” One of the surprising reasons I found for a child to be given a surname as a middle name was when the parents weren’t married. If a child had the same surname as his/her mother, and a middle name that looked like a surname, there’s a very good chance that the child’s middle name was the biological father’s surname. In some cases, the middle name of an illegitimate child may be the only clue, other than DNA, to the father’s identity. Another reason for parents to use a surname as a middle name was to pay tribute to the mother, and therefore to her parents, family and ancestry, by using her maiden name. This became especially fashionable in the second half of the 19th century. My middle name honors my mother, Audrey, and I have another middle name, which I don’t use – Jeanne, my Confirmation name Many women use maiden names as a middle name or a hyphenated last name. I never did, preferring to keep my mother’s name. Many women scientists/authors prefer to keep their maiden name if they have published under that name before marriage. Finally, some of us who live in the South give middle names to our children so they will know when they are in trouble. My son and daughter both knew they faced my wrath if I called, “Patrick Ethan, get your butt here” or “Cameron Elizabeth, what have you done?” So, there you have it! The answer to a most pressing question! 2 0
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